In the 17th century, Eastern Europe saw the use of various types of war hammers, which were popular weapons due to their effectiveness against armored opponents. These weapons were particularly favored by cavalry and infantry alike for their ability to deliver powerful, crushing blows capable of penetrating armor.

Types and Features

1. Horseman’s Pick (Nadziak):

• Design: A type of war hammer with a long, slender spike on one side of the head and a hammer or blunt side on the other.
• Use: Primarily used by cavalry for piercing armor and helmets.
• Origin: Commonly seen in Poland and other parts of Eastern Europe.

1. Lucerne Hammer:

• Design: Featured a hammerhead with a spike on top and a hook or beak-like projection on the opposite side.
• Use: Effective for both smashing and hooking enemies, allowing for versatile combat techniques.
• Origin: Though originally Swiss, variations were used throughout Europe, including Eastern Europe.

Materials and Construction

• Materials: Typically made of iron or steel for the head, with wooden handles reinforced with metal bands to prevent breakage.
• Decoration: Some war hammers, especially those used by nobility or high-ranking officers, were ornately decorated with engravings, inlays, and sometimes gilding.

Tactical Use

• Combat: War hammers were ideal for close combat, especially against armored adversaries. The blunt force could dent or break armor, while the spike could penetrate weaker points.
• Training: Soldiers trained extensively to wield these heavy weapons effectively, focusing on strength and precision.

Historical Context

• Conflicts: War hammers were used in various conflicts involving Eastern European powers such as the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Ottoman Empire, and the Tsardom of Russia.
• Evolution: As firearms became more prevalent, the use of war hammers declined, but they remained in use for ceremonial purposes or as secondary weapons.

War hammers of the 17th century in Eastern Europe were formidable weapons that played a significant role in the warfare of the period, reflecting both the martial culture and the technological advancements of the time.