A bust of Alexander ||| of Macedon aka the Great is on the library grounds of the New Library of Alexandria.
The New Bibliotheca Alexandria is dedicated to recapturing the spirit of openness and scholarship of the original Bibliotheca Alexandria.

The Macedonian Kingdom’s origins date back to the early 7th century BCE, but it remained a relatively obscure and minor power until the 4th century BCE. The turning point came with King Philip II (reigned 359–336 BCE), who reorganized the army, introducing the phalanx infantry formation and utilizing heavy cavalry, significantly enhancing Macedonian military power.

Philip’s conquests unified the Greek city-states under Macedonian hegemony, laying the groundwork for his son, Alexander the Great. Alexander’s reign (336–323 BCE) marked the most illustrious period of the Macedonian Kingdom. His campaigns led to the conquest of the Persian Empire, creating an empire that stretched from Greece through Asia Minor, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia, and into parts of India.

Alexander’s death in 323 BCE led to the fragmentation of his empire among his generals, known as the Diadochi. This resulted in the establishment of several Hellenistic kingdoms, such as the Ptolemaic Kingdom in Egypt and the Seleucid Empire in Persia. The Macedonian Kingdom itself continued to exist but eventually fell under Roman domination in the 2nd century BCE after a series of conflicts known as the Macedonian Wars.

Culturally, the Macedonians played a crucial role in spreading Greek culture throughout the known world in a process known as Hellenization, significantly influencing the development of Western civilization.