The Book of the Dead is an ancientEgyptian funerary text that wascommonly inscribed on papyrus and usedfrom the start of the New Kingdom (circa1550 BCE) until around 50 BCE. Its originalEgyptian name, rw nw prt m hrw,translates to Book of Coming Forth byDay or Book of Emerging Forth into theLight. This compilation of magical spells,compiled by various priests over a spanof approximately 1,000 years, wasintended to aid the deceased in theirjourney through the Duat, or underworld,and into the afterlife. Alongside theearlier Pyramid Texts and Coffin Texts,the Book of the Dead was part of atradition of funerary texts and wasplaced in the coffin or burial chamber ofthe departed. It is worth noting thatsome spells within the book weresourced from these older works, datingback to the 3rd millennium BCE, whileothers were composed during laterperiods of Egyptian history, including theThird Intermediate Period (11th to 7thcenturies BCE). Furthermore, a number ofthe spells featured in the Book were alsoindividually inscribed on tomb walls andsarcophagi.


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